Reading
Authors Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan describe the social stereotypes of the "Southern lady" and the younger "Southern belle."
Last Updated:
- Save
- Print this Page
At a Glance
Reading
Language
English — US
Subject
- History
- Racism
This excerpt appears as Handout 3.8 on page 90 of Teaching Mockingbird.
In their book The Companion to Southern Literature, Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan describe the Southern lady and the younger Southern belle, social types that exuded the traditional characteristics to which many white Southerners expected girls to aspire for much of the twentieth century.
Ideally a patrician, privileged white woman, she served her husband, bending to him in all matters; she was maternal, bearing children regularly and caring for them lovingly; she possessed great skill in the domestic sphere, running kitchen and nursery, overseeing the household in all areas, dispensing medicine, always hospitable. Most important, perhaps, she was the moral center of the household, pious, self-effacing, and kind. An expert with the needle, she could also play a musical instrument and sing melodies for the family. She was essential to the patriarchy, assuring well-brought-up children, a well-run home, and complete comfort for her husband… 1
Following the Civil War, [the] vision of a plantation South took on mythic proportions as southerners grew defensive and nostalgic about the Old South. In particular, the southern woman of the Old South was presented, through the image of the southern lady, as the ideal of nineteenth-century womanhood.
. . . A marble figure on a pedestal, she was static. A more appealing character, in this idealized vision of the South, was the southern belle, the younger, unmarried, and hence incomplete version of the southern lady . . . .
If trained right, the belle had, by her early teen years, already acquired most of the makings of the southern lady: she was beautiful or potentially beautiful, graceful, charming, virtuous, loyal to family, submissive to father, in need of men’s protection, yet resourceful and brave when unusual circ*mstances called on her to be. But even in her late teens, she might not yet have perfected self- sacrifice and calm self-possession. These characteristics would come, or must come, once she married—and marrying was supposed to be her goal in life. 2
- 1M. Flora and Lucinda H. MacKethan, eds., The Companion to Southern Literature: Themes, Genres, Places, People, Movements, and Motifs (Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 2002), 413.
- 2Ibid., 95.
How to Cite This Reading
Facing History & Ourselves, “The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan,” last updated May 2, 2022.
This reading contains text not authored by Facing History & Ourselves. See footnotes for source information.
You might also be interested in…
Lesson
Save10 Questions for the Past: The 1963 Chicago Public Schools Boycott
Students explore the strategies, risks, and historical significance of the 1963 Chicago school boycott, while also considering bigger-picture questions about social progress.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (1) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (1)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-05/Democracy_1963_AfricanAmericanIntegrationAntiSchoolBoycott1963IL_FH2169828.jpg?h=12de4a96&itok=CAfhRaQg)
Lesson
SaveThe 1968 East LA School Walkouts
Students learn about education, identity, and activism through an exploration of the East Los Angeles school walkouts, when thousands of students protested unequal educational opportunities for Mexican American students.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (2) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (2)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/1968_LAStudentWalkoutatGarfieldHigh_FH2169821.jpg?h=61a57aa7&itok=I40HzuJ5)
Lesson
SaveCalifornia Grape Workers’ Strike: 1965–66
Students explore the first year of the Delano grape strike, when grape workers in California's San Joaquin Valley went on strike to demand higher wages and better work conditions.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (3) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (3)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/1965_GrapeStrikeDelanoCalifornia_FH2121754.jpg?h=ae158943&itok=JphiCAwe)
Lesson
Save#IfTheyGunnedMeDown
Students explore the potential negative impact of images through the social media protest #IfTheyGunnedMeDown and develop a decision-making process for choosing imagery to represent controversial events.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (4) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (4)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2014_CurfewSetAfterViolentProtestsFlareAmidOverMichaelBrownShooting_FH2173438.jpg?h=24afd704&itok=E8IzzWCR)
Lesson
SaveThe Impact of Identity
Students explore how identity impacts our responses to other people and events by examining a cartoon and analyzing an opinion poll from a week after Ferguson.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (5) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (5)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2019_SL_190522_0613_FH2101388.jpg?h=0f4230fa&itok=_mOwH2tA)
Lesson
SaveThe Power of Images
Students examine how identity and biases can impact how individuals interpret images and experience the challenge of selecting images to represent news events, particularly connected to sensitive issues.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (6) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (6)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/2014_LivinginFerguson_FH230964.jpg?h=8b6300e7&itok=E_y1giir)
Lesson
SaveA Contested History
Students consider how US history books, films, and other works of popular culture have misrepresented the history of the Reconstruction era.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (7) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (7)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/3a53178u.jpg?h=87584735&itok=bgkKYE0Q)
Lesson
SaveDefining Freedom
Students examine how freed people in the United States sought to define freedom after Emancipation.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (8) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (8)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Copy_of_m-11013.png?h=d1cb525d&itok=BZqbljCV)
Lesson
SaveThe Political Struggle, 1865–1866
Students learn about President Andrew Johnson and the Congressional Republican's conflicting visions of how to rebuild the nation after the Civil War.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (9) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (9)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/03751u.jpg?h=8c44f663&itok=SOBBoTvF)
Lesson
SaveInterracial Democracy
Through a video-based activity, students explore how Radical Reconstruction changed the nature of voting rights and democracy in the South.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (10) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (10)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/FreedmenVotingInNewOrleans1867.jpeg?h=4bc92e92&itok=w2ULaH3x)
Lesson
SaveViolence and Backlash
By examining periods of violence during the Reconstruction era, students learn about the potential backlash to political and social change.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (11) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (11)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/Reconstruction_2022_FH2174814.png?h=8e4088dc&itok=zv81hdEs)
Lesson
SaveLegacies of Reconstruction
Through a video-based activity, students examine America’s struggle for a stronger democracy during Reconstruction and today.
![The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (12) The Southern Lady and Belle: The Companion to Southern Literature by Joseph Flora and Lucinda MacKethan (12)](https://i0.wp.com/www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/styles/dynamic_stack_296_1x/public/2022-06/1965_SelmaMontgomeryMarchLeadersandCrowd_FH227.jpg?h=b82ee7a4&itok=0U1Hgtmh)
More Like This Teaching Resources
The resources I’m getting from my colleagues through Facing History have been just invaluable.
— Claudia Bautista,Santa Monica, Calif